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April 2008 - Posts
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A nationwide team of researchers, funded in part by the National
Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), has produced the first sequence-based map of large-scale
structural variation across the human genome.
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Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) -- highly specific, identical, infection-fighting proteins produced in large quantities in the lab in cell lines that are derived from a single antibody-producing cell -- against influenza can be rapidly produced in the lab, according to a new report from scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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A research group supported by the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) has uncovered a new route for attacking the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) that may offer a way to circumvent problems with drug
resistance.
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"Cancer's complexity poses an enormous challenge. NIH is
highly encouraged that the worldwide scientific community is joining
to meet this challenge, and we are pleased to be a member of this
ambitious international endeavor," said Elias A. Zerhouni,
M.D., director of the National Institutes of Health, which is the
U.S. research organization taking part in the ICGC.
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Now available on the National Library for Health
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An update of the evidence on this topic produced by the National Library for Public Health
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In recognition of World Malaria Day, the National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes
of Health, released two documents that describe a set of actions -- national
as well as international -- that lay the scientific foundation
for continued public health advances in the struggle against malaria.
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Human imaging studies have for the first time identified brain
circuitry associated with social status, according to researchers
at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National
Institutes of Health.
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Tuberculosis (TB) has long been one of the world's great killers. Now, forms of drug-resistant TB-multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-are occurring at an ominous and accelerating rate. To help in the fight against drug-resistant TB, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has formulated an MDR and XDR TB research agenda.
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Researchers have identified a pattern of gene activity in mice that may help to predict individual risk for breast cancer metastasis and survival in humans. A single gene, called "bromodomain 4 (Brd4)", regulates the expression of this pattern, also called a signature. The researchers found that one result of this "Brd4" regulation is the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model of cancer. These findings, published by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), parts of the National Institutes of Health, appear in the April 29, 2008, issue of the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences".
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Three new members have been appointed to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Advisory Committee on Research on Women's Health (ACRWH), which held its semiannual meeting on March 17 in Bethesda, Maryland. The new members are: Linda C. Giudice, M.D., Ph.D., who is the Robert B. Jaffe, M.D., Endowed Professor and Chair of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco; Nancy H. Nielsen, M.D., Ph.D., who is the Senior Associate Dean, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and also the President-elect of the American Medical Association (AMA); and Debra Toney, Ph.D., R.N., who is the President of the National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) and the Administrator, Rainbow Medical Centers, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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An update of the evidence on this topic produced by the NLH Complementary & Alternative Medicine Specialist Library
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An update of the evidence on this topic produced by the NLH Musculoskeletal Specialist Library
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New research has shown that the function of a type of cell that helps modulate immune responses is impaired inside tumors in mice. Researchers also identified several factors that may contribute to an accumulation of these cells, called T regulatory cells (Tregs), within and around the tumor, which may be how they respond to their loss of functionality. The study, by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, appeared online April 18, 2008, in "The Journal of Immunology".
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Based on observations of more than 4,000 infants, researchers
in an NIH newborn research network have identified several factors
that influence an extremely low birth weight infant's chances for
survival and disability.
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National Institute of Mental Health science
track symposia, lectures, press conferences at the American
Psychiatric Association 161st Annual Meeting.
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Children and teens who spend more than a couple of hours a day
on average in front of a TV, video, or computer screen, are more
likely to be overweight than their peers who limit their screen
time. We Can! (Ways to Enhance Children's Activity and Nutrition),
a science-based national education program from the National Institutes
of Health (NIH) to help children ages 8-13 stay at a healthy weight,
is working with the Center for Screen Time Awareness (CSTA) and
other national and community organizations to raise public awareness
about the negative impact of excessive screen time.
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Leaders at the National Institutes of Health and the Center for
Genomic Medicine in Japan have signed a letter of intent creating
a Global Alliance for Pharmacogenomics.
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The National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical
library and a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
will open a new interactive exhibition, "Against the Odds:
Making a Difference in Global Health".
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Using a rodent model of epilepsy, researchers found one of the
body’s own neurotransmitters released during seizures, glutamate,
turns on a signaling pathway in the brain that increases production
of a protein that could reduce medication entry into the brain.
Researchers say this may explain why approximately 30 percent of
patients with epilepsy do not respond to antiepileptic medications.
The study, conducted by researchers at the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), part of the National Institutes
of Health, and the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy
and Medical School, in collaboration with Heidrun Potschka’s laboratory
at Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich, Germany, is available
online and will appear in the May 2008, issue of "Molecular
Pharmacology".
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An update of the evidence on this topic produced by the NLH Mental Health Specialist Library
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Risk for developing asthma is linked to variants in a gene called
CHI3L1, which can be measured by checking levels of an inherited
blood protein regulated by that gene, according to new research
sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
of the National Institutes of Health.
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Aggressively lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels below
current targets in adults with type 2 diabetes may help to prevent -- and
possibly reverse -- hardening of the arteries, according to
new research supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
(NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health.
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Women who carry excess fat around their waists were at greater
risk of dying early from cancer or heart disease than were women
with smaller waistlines, even if they were of normal weight, reported
researchers from Harvard and the National Institutes of Health.
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A new, interactive video training program from the National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), demonstrates quick and effective strategies for
screening patients for heavy drinking and helping them to cut down
or quit.
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In a special supplement to Pediatrics, edited and sponsored by
the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA),
physicians will have access in one place to the reviews and analyses
of current research on biological, behavioral, and environmental
changes during childhood and adolescence that foster the initiation,
maintenance, and acceleration of illegal use of alcohol by underage
youth. This is a first time collection of where science is in our
understanding of underage drinking as a developmental issue. NIAAA,
one of the institutes of the National Institutes of Health, is
committed to moving scientific discovery to strategic prevention
and intervention strategies in order to decrease the toll that
alcohol is taking on our youth -- and as these youth grow -- to
our society.
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Established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
in 1982, the database of nucleic acid sequences is one of the key
tools that scientists use to conduct biomedical and biologic research.
Since its creation, GenBank has grown at an exponential rate, doubling
in size every 18 months. In celebration of this vital resource
and its contribution to science over the last 25 years, the National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine
(NLM), NIH, is holding a two-day conference on GenBank.
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An update of the evidence on this topic produced by the NLH Cancer Specialist Library
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The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI), an effort supported by
the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has launched an online
resource that will enable scientists from across biomedical disciplines
to easily access a wealth of information about proteins and to
speed discovery about these molecules.
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Scientists have identified a genetic variant that not only makes
smokers more susceptible to nicotine addiction but also increases
their risk of developing two smoking-related diseases, lung cancer
and peripheral arterial disease. The research was supported by
the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National
Institutes of Health (NIH).
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Inherited variations in the amount of an innate anxiety-reducing
molecule help explain why some people can withstand stress better
than others, according to a new study led by researchers at the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part
of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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Changes to genetic material in the brain may help induce the anxiety
that is characteristic of alcohol withdrawal, according to a new
study conducted in rats and supported by the National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH).
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Information about the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease
has just been added to NIHSeniorHealth, the National Institutes
of Health Web site designed especially for seniors.
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"Challenges and Promise of Cell-Based Therapies" is a one-day symposium to explore promising research in regenerative medicine using stem cells. The opening plenary session will feature an overview of hematopoietic stem cell therapy. This will be followed by four plenary sessions that will highlight cell-based therapies for the treatment of neurological, cardiac, musculoskeletal, and metabolic diseases and disorders. It will close with a presentation on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the issues that need to be addressed to enable their potential use in cell-based therapies.
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The age pool of corneas for transplant should be expanded to include
donors up to 75 years of age, based on findings from a study funded
by the National Eye Institute (NEI), one of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH). Corneal transplants using tissue from older donors
have similar rates of survival to those using tissue from younger
donors.
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The first study to explore the use of automated external defibrillator
(AEDs) in the home has found that although the safe and easy-to-use
devices are effective for certain types of cardiac arrest, they
were underused. The Home Automated External Defibrillator Trial
(HAT), a randomized international clinical trial, was supported
by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the
National Institutes of Health.
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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced on April 1,
2008, the latest recipients of the Autism Centers of Excellence
(ACE) program. These grants will support studies covering a broad
range of autism research areas, including early brain development
and functioning, social interactions in infants, rare genetic variants
and mutations, associations between autism-related genes and physical
traits, possible environmental risk factors and biomarkers, and
a potential new medication treatment.
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Treating children as early as age six or seven with stimulants
for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is not likely
to increase risk of substance abuse as adults, according to two
studies funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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Grant Information
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This Web site was made possible in part by NIH Grant Number R43 DK70418
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